Tag: carbon dioxide

[def from Wikipedia.]  Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas that is vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is made up of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in Earth’s atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume.[3] Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, in ice caps and glaciers and also in seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas.

[added comments] While carbon dioxide is a “greenhouse” gas and it does absorb energy in some infrared wavelength bands, many scientists will argue that its affect on average global temperatures have been considerably exaggerated by the proponents of catastrophic anthropogenic global warming.  In order to derive effects extreme enough to be considered catastrophic, they have had to rely on strong positive feedback resulting in much larger effects than CO2 could produce without any feedbacks.  Many prestigious scientists disagree with that and some even suspect the feedback is not only much less than estimated, but may even be negative.

One must always consider that contrary to that which is frequently stated by climate activists/alarmists, the debate is never over in science.

2024’s Hurricanes Helene & Milton

 and claims their power was juiced by “Human-Caused Climate Change”  

Robert W. Endlich

Author’s note: This post is based upon the presentation graphics, on-line here, for the 19 October 2024 meeting.

PRELUDE: THE 2024 HURRICANE SEASON BEFORE HELENE

The 2024 Atlantic Hurricane season got off to a late start; Tropical Storm Alberto did not form until 19 June, the latest named storm since 2014. Then, Hurricane Beryl was a long-lasting (around 14 days) system; she began in the Cape Verde Islands region, tracked past Jamaica, crossed Yucatan, entered Texas near Matagorda and weakened, with her remnants getting to the eastern Great Lakes region, before dissipating, 11 Jul 2024.

From Wikipedia,

“Activity then quieted down across the basin for most of July after Beryl dissipated, with no new tropical cyclones forming due to the presence of the Saharan air layer (SAL) across much of the Atlantic.” Continue reading “2024’s Hurricanes Helene & Milton”

“Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part ONE

Robert W. Endlich
INTRODUCTION

Author’s Note: This is Part ONE of a multiple post topic.  Figure numbers remain consecutive across the four parts of the post.

Part TWO is here.
Part THREE is here.
Part FOUR is here.
Presentation is here.

Image by Pixabay

This story, “Climate Change Making Days Longer,” and the variations on it, were published Summer, 2024 by mainstream media outlets.  I mention some of their Alarmist views, as well as some Contrarian views by Heartland, and some views from our skeptical friends in the blogosphere.

I explore this subject, using a wide series of facts, measurements, observations and data, easily looked up, and typically ignored by the Alarmist press.

I cite some of both sides of this story.  I widen the discussion by including Continue reading ““Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part ONE”

“Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part TWO

By Robert W. Endlich
Author’s Note: This is Part TWO of a multiple post topic.  Figure numbers remain consecutive across the four parts of the post.

Part ONE is here.
Part THREEis here.
Part FOUR is here.
Presentation is here.

THE “SOLAR CONSTANT” IS NOW VARIABLE? YES, IT IS TRUE!
Image by Pixabay

When I was an Undergraduate in Basic Meteorology, 1963-64 at Texas A&M, and Graduate Student, 1967-69, Penn State, we learned that the “Solar Constant” was 2 calories/cm**2/sec.  But sometimes we used 1.94 cal/cm**2/sec ….in the CGS, the Centimeter-Gram-Second system of measurements.

Sometimes we used 2 Langleys per second…after this definition, in terms of Langleys, graphic below.

In 2024’s retrospect, the 1960s were seemingly in the Dark Ages of Continue reading ““Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part TWO”

“Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part THREE

By Robert W. Endlich
Author’s Note: This is Part THREE of a four part post topic.  Figure numbers remain consecutive across the four parts of the post.

Part ONE is here.
Part TWO is here.
Part FOUR is here.
Presentation is here.

ANTARCTIC ICE
Image by Pixabay

We have geological evidence that since before the Mesozoic, at the very beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs, Earth was much warmer than today, and CO2 concentrations mainly due to warm sea temperatures were around 3000 Parts Per Million, (PPM), compared with the about 420 PPM today. Dr Chris Scotese, author of the Paleomap Project, says of those times, in the early Triassic, ~245 million years ago,

“Warm Temperate climates extended to the Poles.”

The science of plate tectonics was unknown in my days as a Geology Continue reading ““Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part THREE”

“Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part FOUR

By Robert W. Endlich
Author’s Note: This is Part FOUR of a four part post topic.  Figure numbers remain consecutive across the four parts of the post.

Part ONE is here
Part TWO is here
Part THREE is here
Presentation is here

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT “CLIMATE CHANGE MAKING DAYS LONGER” UP TO NOW

NPR claims that humans burning fossil fuels controls sea level and that CO2 is “climate pollution.”

Regarding the NPR claim, the data show that sea level is a dynamic property of earth (Fig 3) and was meters higher than today within the historic past. There are numerous examples of this from the NMSU-A WEEK SEVEN class graphics, slides 33-146. 

One example, from 1066,  is when William the Conqueror invaded what we now call England. He landed at Pevensey Castle, which is now a mile from the English Channel and 13 ft above present Sea Level, Presentation Graphics, Slide 145.

The only way to understand this is, that when William landed in  England at Continue reading ““Climate Change Making Days Longer,” studies say, Part FOUR”